Abstract Pathogenic microbial detection and control in laboratory animal facilities is essential to guarantee animal welfare, data validity and reproducibility. Helicobacter spp. are known to affect mice health, what may interfere with experimental outcomes. This study aimed to screen for Helicobacter spp. in mice from animal facilities in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil using a PCR-based method. Primers designed to specifically identify Helicobacter spp. were used to amplify feces or intestine DNA extracted of mice from four different animal facilities. The expected 375 base pairs (bp) amplicon was purified, sequenced and a similarity of 95% was observed when compared to deposited sequences of H. hepaticus and H. bilis. In our screening, Helicobacter spp. was detected in ~59% of fecal and ~70% of intestine samples. Our study is the first to screen for Helicobacter spp. in mouse facilities of a Rio de Janeiro University using a low cost, rapid molecular diagnostic test. Although Helicobacter spp. screening is not mandatory according to Brazilian animal welfare regulation it is recommended by institutional animal health monitoring programs guidelines worldwide, including ARRIVE, AAALAC and FELASA.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o efeito do nitrogênio liquido super resfriado por vácuo no desenvolvimento, após reaquecimento, de oócitos bovinos vitrificados imaturos ou maturados. O nitrogênio líquido foi mantido em atmosfera normal ou submetido ao vácuo (300mm Hg por 45s) este último reduzindo a temperatura do nitrogênio para -200°C. Oócitos parcialmente desnudos foram vitrificados logo após a seleção (estádio de vesícula germinativa; VG), ou após 22 horas de maturação (metáfase II; MII) em meio TCM 199 + 10% de soro de égua em estro. Para a vitrificação, os oócitos foram inicialmente expostos a uma solução intermediária (10% EG + 10% DMSO) por 30s e a seguir a uma solução de vitrificação (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0,5M sacarose) por 20s. Grupos de 3 ou 4 oócitos foram envasados em palhetas estiradas e abertas e mergulhados no nitrogênio líquido. Os oócitos foram então reaquecidos por exposição ao ar (25°C) por 4s, seguido de exposição a concentrações decrescentes de sacarose (0,3 e 0,15M - 5 minutos cada). A fecundação (dia 0) foi realizada com 2 x 106 espermatozóides mL-1 (selecionados por "swim-up") e incubação por 18 a 22 horas. Os presumíveis zigotos foram cultivados a 39°C, em placas de quatro poços, com meio SOFaaci, com 5% de CO2 e umidade saturada. As taxas de clivagem (Dia 2) e de blastocistos (Dia 8) obtidas foram de 33,9 e de 4,2%, respectivamente, para oócitos no estágio de VG / pressão normal, de 41,2 e 8,8% para oócitos VG / vácuo, 43,5 e 6,7% para oócitos MII / pressão normal e de de 53,6 e 10,6% para oócitos MII / vácuo. Conclui-se que o emprego de nitrogênio líquido super resfriado pelo vácuo melhora as taxas de desenvolvimento de oócitos bovinos após a vitrificação.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vacuum-cooled liquid nitrogen on the development of vitrified immature (germinal vesicle stage; GV) and mature (metaphase II; MII) bovine oocytes after re-warming. Liquid nitrogen was exposed to either atmospheric pressure or to a vacuum (300mm Hg for 45sec); the latter decreased the temperature of the liquid nitrogen to -200°C. Partially denuded oocytes were vitrified either just after selection (GV) or after 22 hours of in vitro maturation (MII) in TCM 199 medium + 10% of estrous mare serum. For vitrification, oocytes were firstly exposed to an intermediate solution (10% EG + 10% DMSO) for 30sec, followed by the vitrification solution (20% EG + 20% DMSO + 0.5M sucrose) for 20sec. Groups of three or four oocytes were loaded into an open-pulled-straw and directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. Oocytes were subsequently re-warmed by exposure to air (25°C) for 4sec, followed by 5 min exposure to decreasing concentrations (0.3 and 0.15M) of sucrose. Fertilization (Day 0) was done with 2 x 106 spermatozoa mL-1 (selected by a swim-up procedure) and incubated for 18 to 22 hours. Presumptive zygotes were cultured at 39°C in four-well dishes with SOFaaci medium, under 5% CO2 and saturated humidity. Cleavage (Day 2) and blastocyst rates (Day 8) were 33.9 and 4.2%, respectively, for GV stage oocytes at atmospheric pressure, 41.2 and 8.8% for GV oocytes under vacuum, 43.5 and 6.7% for MII oocytes at atmospheric pressure, and 53.6 and 10.6% for MII oocytes under vacuum. In conclusion, vacuum-cooled liquid nitrogen improved developmental rates of vitrified-thawed bovine oocytes.